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Hymns and Spiritual Songs (book)
''Hymns and Spiritual Songs for the Fasts and Festivals of the Church of England'', by Christopher Smart, was published in 1765, along with a translation of the ''Psalms of David'' and a new version of ''A Song to David''. He wrote these poems while he was in a mental asylum and during the time he wrote ''Jubilate Agno''.
==Background==
For many years after the Protestant Reformation, John Calvin's claim that non-Biblical music was inappropriate was popularly held.〔Curry p. 70〕 Isaac Watts wrote and published a collection of hymns and spiritual songs in the early 18th century. But, Jonathan Swift and Samuel Johnson parodied Calvin's beliefs, claiming that religion and poetry could not mix because the poetry could be damaged:〔 Swift claimed that "the smallest quantity of religion, like a single drop of Malt-Liquor in Claret, will muddy and discompose the brightest Poetical Genius."〔''Jonathan Swift'', ed. Herbert Davis, (Oxford: 1939) vol. ix. p. 329〕 Johnson wrote that Watt's
"devotional poetry is, like that of others, unsatisfactory. The paucity of its topicks enforces perpetual repetition, and the sanctity of the matter rejects the ornaments of figurative diction. It is sufficient for Watts to have done better than others what no man has done well."〔Samuel Johnson. ''Lives of the English Poets'', ed. G. B. Hill (Oxford 1905) vol. ii p. 310〕 Isaac Watts' hymns became popular in public worship.
Christopher Smart also wrote hymns, as "a private act of worship."〔Curry p. 72〕 His ''Hymns'' were printed in ''A Translation of the Psalms of David, Attempted in the Spirit of Christianity, and Adapted to the Divine Service'', a volume published in 1765. It contained a translation of the ''Psalms'', a new series of ''Hymns'', and a copy of ''A Song to David''.〔''Poetical Works'' p. 1〕 Although the work was not published until 1765, Smart was advertising a work containing both ''Psalms'' and ''Hymns'' in 1763.〔 The ''Hymns'' contained thirty-five hymns. They were not reprinted until Christopher Smart's daughter, Elizabeth LeNoir, published ''Miscellaneous Poems'', which contained changed versions of hymn 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 15, 28, and 32.〔 Although Smart published only one edition of the work, many famous names appeared on the subscription list.〔''Poetical Works'' p. 2〕 The work was published by Dryden Leach, but received little notice in various reviews and no mention of the ''Hymns''.〔''Poetical Works'' p. 3〕
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